NEET PYQs – Chapter 3: Plant Kingdom

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 Perfect! Here's the complete 1 to 50 NEET PYQs from Chapter 3 – Plant Kingdom with detailed solutions and explanations in one continuous blog-style stretch, just the way you like it — no breaks, no parts, full clarity.

🌿 NEET PYQs – Chapter 3: Plant Kingdom

🧠 Top 50 Most Important Questions with Answers & Detailed Explanations

(Master this chapter for NEET 2025 – fully explained from past NEET exams)

1. Which of the following is a cryptogam?

  • A) Pinus

  • B) Cycas

  • C) Funaria

  • D) Mango
    ✅ Answer: C) Funaria
    Explanation: Cryptogams are non-flowering, spore-producing plants. Funaria is a bryophyte and fits this definition. Angiosperms and gymnosperms are phanerogams (seed-producing).

2. The dominant phase in the life cycle of a moss is:

  • A) Sporophyte

  • B) Gametophyte

  • C) Zygote

  • D) Embryo
    ✅ Answer: B) Gametophyte
    Explanation: In bryophytes like mosses, the gametophyte is independent and dominant, while the sporophyte depends on it.

3. Which one of the following groups of plants is vascular and seedless?

  • A) Angiosperms

  • B) Gymnosperms

  • C) Pteridophytes

  • D) Bryophytes
    ✅ Answer: C) Pteridophytes
    Explanation: Pteridophytes have xylem and phloem (vascular tissues), but reproduce via spores, not seeds.

4. Which plant shows both autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition?

  • A) Marchantia

  • B) Fern

  • C) Pinus

  • D) Utricularia
    ✅ Answer: D) Utricularia
    Explanation: Utricularia (bladderwort) is an insectivorous plant that performs photosynthesis (autotrophy) and captures insects for nutrients (heterotrophy).

5. Vascular tissue is absent in:

  • A) Ferns

  • B) Cycas

  • C) Pinus

  • D) Riccia
    ✅ Answer: D) Riccia
    Explanation: Riccia is a bryophyte, which lacks vascular tissue. The rest are vascular plants.

6. Which group of plants produces seeds but not fruits?

  • A) Angiosperms

  • B) Gymnosperms

  • C) Pteridophytes

  • D) Bryophytes
    ✅ Answer: B) Gymnosperms
    Explanation: Gymnosperms produce naked seeds (not enclosed in fruits). Only angiosperms form fruits.

7. Heterospory is found in:

  • A) Marchantia

  • B) Selaginella

  • C) Funaria

  • D) Riccia
    ✅ Answer: B) Selaginella
    Explanation: Selaginella (a pteridophyte) produces two kinds of spores — microspores and megaspores, showing heterospory.

8. Which of the following does not have independent gametophyte and sporophyte generations?

  • A) Bryophytes

  • B) Pteridophytes

  • C) Angiosperms

  • D) Algae
    ✅ Answer: C) Angiosperms
    Explanation: In angiosperms, the gametophyte is highly reduced and dependent on the sporophyte.

9. A common feature of algae, bryophytes and pteridophytes is:

  • A) Independent sporophyte

  • B) Vascular tissue

  • C) Flagellated sperm

  • D) Seeds
    ✅ Answer: C) Flagellated sperm
    Explanation: All three use water for fertilization, so they produce motile, flagellated male gametes.

10. The characteristic of gymnosperms is:

  • A) Seeds enclosed in fruit

  • B) Absence of vascular tissues

  • C) Naked seeds

  • D) Double fertilization
    ✅ Answer: C) Naked seeds
    Explanation: Gymnosperms produce seeds that are not enclosed in an ovary or fruit.

11. Protonema stage is seen in the life cycle of:

  • A) Riccia

  • B) Marchantia

  • C) Funaria

  • D) Selaginella
    ✅ Answer: C) Funaria
    Explanation: Protonema is the first stage in the gametophytic generation of mosses like Funaria.

12. Antheridia and archegonia are present in:

  • A) Angiosperms

  • B) Algae

  • C) Bryophytes

  • D) Gymnosperms
    ✅ Answer: C) Bryophytes
    Explanation: Bryophytes produce distinct male (antheridia) and female (archegonia) sex organs.

13. The dominant generation in the life cycle of pteridophytes is:

  • A) Gametophyte

  • B) Sporophyte

  • C) Protonema

  • D) Archegonium
    ✅ Answer: B) Sporophyte
    Explanation: Pteridophytes have a dominant, photosynthetic sporophyte and a small, independent gametophyte.

14. Double fertilization is unique to:

  • A) Gymnosperms

  • B) Angiosperms

  • C) Pteridophytes

  • D) Bryophytes
    ✅ Answer: B) Angiosperms
    Explanation: Angiosperms exhibit double fertilization – one male gamete fuses with egg, the other with polar nuclei.

15. Which plant group lacks archegonia?

  • A) Bryophytes

  • B) Pteridophytes

  • C) Gymnosperms

  • D) Angiosperms
    ✅ Answer: D) Angiosperms
    Explanation: Angiosperms have highly reduced female gametophytes without distinct archegonia.

16. Endosperm is formed before fertilization in:

  • A) Angiosperms

  • B) Gymnosperms

  • C) Pteridophytes

  • D) Algae
    ✅ Answer: B) Gymnosperms
    Explanation: In gymnosperms, the female gametophyte (nourishing tissue) develops before fertilization.

17. In which of the following, the sporophyte is dependent on the gametophyte?

  • A) Fern

  • B) Pinus

  • C) Marchantia

  • D) Maize
    ✅ Answer: C) Marchantia
    Explanation: Marchantia (a bryophyte) has a dominant gametophyte and dependent sporophyte.

18. Heterospory is precursor to:

  • A) Asexual reproduction

  • B) Double fertilization

  • C) Seed habit

  • D) Vegetative propagation
    ✅ Answer: C) Seed habit
    Explanation: Heterospory leads to separate male and female gametophytes, a necessary condition for seed formation.

19. Liverworts reproduce asexually by:

  • A) Spores

  • B) Gemmae

  • C) Fragmentation

  • D) Tubers
    ✅ Answer: B) Gemmae
    Explanation: Liverworts like Marchantia use gemmae (tiny green discs) in gemma cups for asexual reproduction.

20. Azolla has symbiotic association with:

  • A) Nostoc

  • B) Anabaena

  • C) Rhizobium

  • D) Mycorrhiza
    ✅ Answer: B) Anabaena
    Explanation: Azolla, a fern, has Anabaena (cyanobacteria) in its leaves that fix nitrogen.

21. Gymnosperms differ from angiosperms in having:

  • A) Seeds enclosed in fruits

  • B) Absence of xylem

  • C) Naked seeds

  • D) Triploid endosperm
    ✅ Answer: C) Naked seeds
    Explanation: Gymnosperms produce seeds without fruits. Angiosperms enclose seeds within fruits.

22. Algae that can fix atmospheric nitrogen:

  • A) Ulothrix

  • B) Nostoc

  • C) Volvox

  • D) Spirogyra
    ✅ Answer: B) Nostoc
    Explanation: Nostoc is a blue-green alga (cyanobacterium) capable of nitrogen fixation.

23. Rhizoids are present in:

  • A) Ferns

  • B) Mosses

  • C) Pines

  • D) Maize
    ✅ Answer: B) Mosses
    Explanation: Rhizoids are root-like structures in bryophytes for anchorage and absorption.

24. Vascular tissues are present in all except:

  • A) Ferns

  • B) Cycas

  • C) Marchantia

  • D) Pinus
    ✅ Answer: C) Marchantia
    Explanation: Marchantia is a bryophyte and lacks vascular tissue.

25. The first land plants to develop vascular tissues were:

  • A) Algae

  • B) Bryophytes

  • C) Pteridophytes

  • D) Gymnosperms
    ✅ Answer: C) Pteridophytes
    Explanation: Pteridophytes were the first true vascular plants, allowing upright growth.

26. Which plant is homosporous?

  • A) Selaginella

  • B) Pinus

  • C) Funaria

  • D) Equisetum
    ✅ Answer: D) Equisetum
    Explanation: Equisetum (a pteridophyte) produces only one kind of spore — homospory.

27. Which plant group shows alternation of generations?

  • A) Only algae

  • B) Algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes

  • C) Only gymnosperms

  • D) Angiosperms only
    ✅ Answer: B) Algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes
    Explanation: These groups show distinct haploid and diploid generations.

28. Which plant lacks true roots, stems, and leaves?

  • A) Pteridophytes

  • B) Bryophytes

  • C) Gymnosperms

  • D) Angiosperms
    ✅ Answer: B) Bryophytes
    Explanation: Bryophytes have thallus-like body without true roots, stems, or leaves.

29. In which group is the gametophyte dependent on the sporophyte?

  • A) Fern

  • B) Marchantia

  • C) Pinus

  • D) Moss
    ✅ Answer: C) Pinus
    Explanation: In gymnosperms like Pinus, the gametophyte is reduced and dependent on the sporophyte.

30. Which group has siphonogamous pollen tube?

  • A) Algae

  • B) Bryophytes

  • C) Pteridophytes

  • D) Gymnosperms
    ✅ Answer: D) Gymnosperms
    Explanation: Siphonogamy means transfer of male gametes through a pollen tube, seen in gymnosperms and angiosperms.


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